(1)

‘Union parent undertaking’ means a Union parent investment firm, a Union parent investment holding company, or a Union parent mixed financial holding company, that is responsible for the prudential consolidation of the investment firm group pursuant to Article 7(1) of Regulation (EU) 2019/2033;

(2)

‘relevant entity’ means an ancillary service undertaking, a financial institution, an investment firm, or a tied agent;

(3)

‘capital ties’ means the ownership, direct or indirect, of voting rights or capital of an undertaking, including a participation as defined in Article 2, point (2), of Directive 2013/34/EU.